PWM Generator in VHDL with Variable Duty Cycle

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a very popular modulation technique which is mainly used to control the power delivered to electrical devices such as motors.

This VHDL project presents a simple VHDL code for PWM Generator with Variable Duty Cycle. The VHDL code for PWM Generator is simulated and verified on Xilinx ISIM.

VHDL code for PWM Generator with Variable Duty Cycle:

-- fpga4student.com: FPGA Projects, Verilog projects, VHDL projects 
-- VHDL code for PWM Generator 
-- Two de-bounced push-buttons
-- One: increase duty cycle by 10%
-- Another: Decrease duty cycle by 10%
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;

entity PWM_Generator is
port (
   clk: in std_logic; -- 100MHz clock input 
   DUTY_INCREASE: in std_logic; -- button to increase duty cycle by 10%
   DUTY_DECREASE: in std_logic; -- button to decrease duty cycle by 10%
   PWM_OUT: out std_logic -- PWM signal out with frequency of 10MHz
  );
end PWM_Generator;

architecture Behavioral of PWM_Generator is
 -- D-Flip-Flop for debouncing module
 component DFF_Debounce 
 Port ( 
  CLK : in std_logic;

  en : in std_logic;
  D : in std_logic;
  Q : out std_logic
  );
 end component;
 signal slow_clk_en: std_logic:='0'; -- slow clock enable for debouncing
 signal counter_slow: std_logic_vector(27 downto 0):=(others => '0');-- counter for creating slow clock
 signal tmp1,tmp2,duty_inc: std_logic;-- temporary signals for deboucing
 signal tmp3,tmp4,duty_dec: std_logic;-- temporary signals for deboucing
 signal counter_PWM: std_logic_vector(3 downto 0):=(others => '0');-- counter for PWM signal
 signal DUTY_CYCLE: std_logic_vector(3 downto 0):=x"5";
begin
 -- Debouncing process
 -- First generate slow clock enable for deboucing (4Hz)
 process(clk)
 begin
  if(rising_edge(clk)) then
   counter_slow <= counter_slow + x"0000001";
   --if(counter_slow>=x"17D7840") then -- for running on FPGA -- comment when running simulation
   if(counter_slow>=x"0000001") then -- for running simulation -- comment when running on FPGA
    counter_slow <= x"0000000";
   end if;
  end if;
 end process;
 --slow_clk_en <= '1' when counter_slow = x"17D7840" else '0';-- for running on FPGA -- comment when running simulation 

 slow_clk_en <= '1' when counter_slow = x"000001" else '0';-- for running simulation -- comment when running on FPGA
 -- debounce part for duty increasing button
 stage0: DFF_Debounce port map(clk,slow_clk_en , DUTY_INCREASE, tmp1);
 stage1: DFF_Debounce port map(clk,slow_clk_en , tmp1, tmp2); 
 duty_inc <=  tmp1 and (not tmp2) and slow_clk_en;

 -- debounce part for duty decreasing button
 stage2: DFF_Debounce port map(clk,slow_clk_en , DUTY_DECREASE, tmp3);
 stage3: DFF_Debounce port map(clk,slow_clk_en , tmp3, tmp4); 
 duty_dec <=  tmp3 and (not tmp4) and slow_clk_en;

 -- for controlling duty cycle by these buttons
 process(clk)
 begin
  if(rising_edge(clk)) then
   if(duty_inc='1' and DUTY_CYCLE <= x"9") then
    DUTY_CYCLE <= DUTY_CYCLE + x"1";--increase duty cycle by 10%
   elsif(duty_dec='1' and DUTY_CYCLE>=x"1") then
    DUTY_CYCLE <= DUTY_CYCLE - x"1";--decrease duty cycle by 10%
   end if;
  end if;
 end process;
 -- Create 10MHz PWM signal
 process(clk)
 begin
  if(rising_edge(clk)) then
   counter_PWM <= counter_PWM + x"1";
   if(counter_PWM>=x"9") then
    counter_PWM <= x"0";
   end if;
  end if;
 end process;
 PWM_OUT <= '1' when counter_PWM < DUTY_CYCLE else '0';
end Behavioral;

library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;

-- fpga4student.com: FPGA Projects, Verilog projects, VHDL projects 
-- VHDL code for D Flip Flop
-- D-Flip-Flop for debouncing module
entity DFF_Debounce is
Port ( 
 CLK : in std_logic;

 en: in std_logic;
 D : in std_logic;
 Q : out std_logic
 );
end DFF_Debounce;
architecture Behavioral of DFF_Debounce is
begin
process(CLK)
begin
 if (rising_edge(CLK)) then

 if (en='1') then
  Q <= D;
 end if;

end if;
end process;
end Behavioral;

VHDL Testbench code for the PWM Generator with Variable Duty Cycle:

-- fpga4student.com: FPGA Projects, Verilog projects, VHDL projects 
-- VHDL testbench code for PWM Generator 
LIBRARY ieee;
USE ieee.std_logic_1164.ALL;
 
-- Uncomment the following library declaration if using
-- arithmetic functions with Signed or Unsigned values
--USE ieee.numeric_std.ALL;
 
ENTITY tb_PWM_Genenrator IS
END tb_PWM_Genenrator;
 
ARCHITECTURE behavior OF tb_PWM_Genenrator IS 
 
    -- Component Declaration for the Unit Under Test (UUT)
 
    COMPONENT PWM_Generator
    PORT(
         clk : IN  std_logic;
         DUTY_INCREASE : IN  std_logic;
         DUTY_DECREASE : IN  std_logic;
         PWM_OUT : OUT  std_logic
        );
    END COMPONENT;
    

   --Inputs
   signal clk : std_logic := '0';
   signal DUTY_INCREASE : std_logic := '0';
   signal DUTY_DECREASE : std_logic := '0';

  --Outputs
   signal PWM_OUT : std_logic;

   -- Clock period definitions
   constant clk_period : time := 10 ns;
 
BEGIN
 
 -- Instantiate the Unit Under Test (UUT)
   uut: PWM_Generator PORT MAP (
          clk => clk,
          DUTY_INCREASE => DUTY_INCREASE,
          DUTY_DECREASE => DUTY_DECREASE,
          PWM_OUT => PWM_OUT
        );

   -- Clock process definitions
   clk_process :process
   begin
  clk <= '0';
  wait for clk_period/2;
  clk <= '1';
  wait for clk_period/2;
   end process;
 

   -- Stimulus process
   stim_proc: process
   begin  
  DUTY_INCREASE <= '0';
  DUTY_DECREASE <= '0';
      wait for clk_period*10; 
  DUTY_INCREASE <= '1'; 
      wait for clk_period*10;
  DUTY_INCREASE <= '0';
      wait for clk_period*10; 
  DUTY_INCREASE <= '1';
      wait for clk_period*10;
  DUTY_INCREASE <= '0';
      wait for clk_period*10; 
  DUTY_INCREASE <= '1';
      wait for clk_period*10;
  DUTY_INCREASE <= '0';
      wait for clk_period*10; 
  DUTY_DECREASE <= '1'; 
      wait for clk_period*10;
  DUTY_DECREASE <= '0';
      wait for clk_period*10; 
  DUTY_DECREASE <= '1';
      wait for clk_period*10;
  DUTY_DECREASE <= '0';
      wait for clk_period*10; 
  DUTY_DECREASE <= '1';
      wait for clk_period*10;
  DUTY_DECREASE <= '0';
      wait for clk_period*10;  
  
      -- insert stimulus here 

      wait;
   end process;

END;

Simulation results for the PWM Generator in VHDL:

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